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first stage of building a fence

Fence builders first step of building a fence?

  • Fence builders at How Which Fence expertly advise cost effectivness of building and fixing a fence for the greatest longevity.
  • Making a list of specifications you require of a fence helps to ensure perfect satisfaction.
  • Which is my fence? How high can I have my fence? Dose my neighbour have joint ownership of the fence?
  • Should I fix or replace my fence? Can a fence be fixed? Can I afford to replace the fence? Does it cost much to fix a fence? How much dose a post fix cost? What can I afford?
  • How long is the fence? How wide are fence panels? How many fence posts will I need? How many panels will I need?
  • How high can my fence be? Do I need planning permission? How much privacy do I want from a fence?
  • Which fence posts are best? This is probably the most important question which should be asked. How long do fence posts last? Is it cost effective to have a wooden post, concrete post, stainless steel post or a galvanised post supporting my fence? What wood is best for a wooden fence post? What is a Hazard Class 4 fence post? How many years do wooden fence posts last for? What is a ground contact wooden post? Which fence posts need the least maintenance?
  • How deep should a fence post hole be? What type of soil will the posts be in? If the soil structure is soft, the soil is sandy, or the fence will need retaining properties at the base of the fence then more thought will be needed to assure the stability of the post. A second option is to have a light weight fence which the find can pass through which will put less resistance on the posts and the effects of soft ground conditions.
  • What type of fencing is best?  Which fence is best for my garden? Where dose the sun shine in the garden? Is my garden fence open to strong winds? Do I need a fence which is wind tolerant? Which fence panels are best for a garden? Which fence style last the longest? Will the garden be starved of light with a high fence? Can I get fence panels which let light in the garden better?  Do I want fence panels? Which garden fence panels are best?
  • Which will last the longest?  Which type of fence will give me the greatest longevity for my money?
  • Which fence rails last the longest? Which fence pails are strongest? Which fence rails do fence panels have? 
  • Which fixings will last the longest? Which fixings will keep looking good after weathering for many years? What are the best nails for a fence? Which are the best screws to use on a fence? Which are the best screws to use for a gate? Which are the best screws for gate hinges? 
new modern fence

Which fence is best?

  • The best fence will have posts with the greatest longevity. Timber posts have the shortest lifespan, yet some timber posts come with a guarantee due to the process the post has gone through, the species of wood used, the correct pressure treatment process and the type of preservatives that are used. Concrete posts, galvanised and aluminium posts all have a very good lifespan
  • The fence is best constructed with either cant rails or Arris rails. These rails have a machine cut slop which will allow water to quickly disperse off the rails which reduces saturation. Panels are only made with square cut rails. Only bespoke fencing is made using Arris rail or Cant rail and is more costly than pre-made panels.
  • For a fence to have the greatest longevity all timber components should be kept away from saturated conditions. Even a wooden fence panel with a 25 year guarantee will rot if it is embedded in the soil in saturated conditions.
fence building tools

Is it easy to build your own fence?

  • What tools do I need to erect a fence? Tools needed are a pencil, set square, a level, spade, and a bucket with water, post scoops and a bag of post mix.
  • What fence nails do I need? The best nails are stainless steel ring nails.
  • Is it cheaper to build your own fence? Building your own fence saves approximately half of the cost which a fence builder would charge.
  • What is the cheapest way to build a fence? A post wire fence is the cheapest fence style. Firstly start by purchasing the best fence posts for a garden fence as wood often fails during ground contact within 10 years.

How to build a fence

first fence post installed

How do you put a fence post in the ground?

  • Fence post holes need to be in untouched virgin ground & a third of the fence height is equal to the post hole depth.
  • What soil conditions is the post in? Loose sandy soil will need either a deeper or wider hole to achieve the stability needed. 
  • How wide does the hole need to be for a post?  The hole width in virgin ground needs to be 75 millimetres wider than the post with compacted vertically levelled sides to the hole.
  • Do I want a wall mounted post? Only use wall mounted posts if the wall is structurally sound as it needs to withstand wind pressure weight baring loads of the fence.
  • Do I need to use concrete around my post? The cement around the post in the hole gives a greater resistance from movement & is always advised to be used. The cement should be proud of the ground level for wooden posts with a pitched slope for the water to disperse away. This will help reduce saturation of the wooden post and give a greater longevity. 
  • The position of the first fence post is based upon the fence style. Is the fence in-line or off-set fence style. Construction page
  • Wooden fence posts always has a natural curve . The curve should be within the fence line, not leaning away from the fence line.

Setting Posts

  • Wooden posts.  Look along the line of the timber post. It will normally arc one way. On occasions it will arch two ways which is known as a twist. The arc should lean toward the next post so when the panel or rails are fixed to the post it will help restrain the arc from further cupping by bracing it with the panel rails.
  • Measure from the top of the post and mark with a pencil on the post the height of the fence panel and gravel board. This gives the total fence panel height measurement that will be fixed above ground. The remaining unmeasured section goes in the ground. Panels on a slope are likely to require a longer post.
  • The pencil mark on the post needs to be just above the ground level when setting the post.
  • Place the post in the hole making sure your fence panel height measurement pencil mark is at ground level and easy to see whilst setting the post.
  • Levelling the posts with a long spirit level needs to be undertaken by placing to level against the post in a vertical direction and keep the bubble between the two centre lines, repeating for the side & back aligning. Once the post is levelled up, make sure your marked panel measurement on the post is at ground level and then you can poor half of your bag of post mix.
  • Add approximately 5 litres of water to 1 bag of post mix and add the remaining post mix to just below ground level. Add approximately another litre and more post mix, smoothing off the post mix edges around the post to give a 45 degrees angle approximately of cement around the post. This assists with water drainage.
  • Check the post is level again before the post mix sets off. Be quick as this doesn’t take long to set hard.
fence post fixed to a wall

How do you fix a post to a wall?

  • Do I want a wall mounted post?  A wooden wall mounted post will last longer than a wooden post in the ground.
  • Fixing Wall mounted posts should be fixed securely with a wall fixing like an Anchor bolt. These strong durable metal fixings are embedded into a drilled hole in the wall. The anchor bolts will give a very secure fix for a wall mounted post once the nut on the bolt have been tightened up.
  • Wall mounted posts for garden panels on a bungalow having an 1800millimetre high fence will need a wooden wall mount that a side can be removed to change the panel when desired. 
  • Fence Post advice is on the fence post page
measuring a fence post hole

How deep should a post hole be?

  • Two feet deep holes are deep enough for a six feet high fence as long as the ground structure is compacted untouched virgin ground.
  • If the soil is loose like sand or gravel , the hole will need to be wider or deeper to increase the resistance by spreading the weight baring load over a greater area. For greater resistance dig square holes. 
  • Post hole width will be 75mm wider than the post of your choice to allow 37mm of post mix around the post section in the ground.
  • The hole should have straight vertical sides which will be best dug out with post scoops. Straight vertical holes give the best resistance strength under pressure.
  • Check for any underground services and look for localised manholes which may signify possible underground which may be in the line for a post hole.
  • Use a cable detector to check for any cable services.
  • Decide if you are going to have post caps or finials before setting a post in concrete as this will add an extra 25mm + to the fence height, depending on the choices you make.
marking out fence posts

Marking out the post centres

Post centres will depend on the panel and post width. For the best result:

  • Fix a string line 150mm from ground level at the base of each end post.
  • Cut a length of timber the same size as the panel or rail length so you have a template length marker.
  • Also cut a small section of timber to the post thickness.
  • Mark out the post line using the 2 cut sections of timber and hammer a stake in at each centre point where a post will be next to the bottom string line.
  • Dig the rest of the holes. The rest of the posts can either be set before starting to attach the panels or you can add a panel after setting each post and then another post, repeating this method till completion which is the preferred method.
  • Always start at the top of a slope and work downhill.
straight fence

How do I keep my fence straight?

  • A tight string line attach to the top of the 2 end posts at equal points can be used to show any potential variances on the ground of the boundary line and areas where compensation is needed.
  • As a straight-line gage for height and post alinement.
  • Helps gauge level variances in the ground throughout the fence line which you can use as a guide for the other fence posts height.
fixing rails to a fence post

How do I fix the rails to the post?

  • Using a fence bracket is a costly way of attaching the rails to a post. The simplest method is using nails but the last 50mm of a fence rail is occasionally prone to splitting when a nail is hammered in.
  • Rails need corrosion resistant fixing which a 100 millimetres galvanised nail is normally used.  Exterior grade screw such as a stainless steel or galvanised screw can also be used but are more costly. 
  • Some companies use a flat plate to clamp the rails to the fence which is a great method until the timber shrinks I 10-15 years. 
  • Arris rail brackets are used for inline fencing and are attached to the post on the inside edge with galvanised nails. The rail is placed into the bracket and fixed in with several nails.
  • An S Bracket can be used for Cant rail or Square cut timber
  • Galvanised fixings are acceptable for fencing but if you are close to coastal areas Stainless Steel fixings are a must
  • Stainless Steel fixings are the best to use on your fencing project but cost about double the price.
broken concrete gravel board

What are Gravel Boards? Are gravel boards needed?

  • Gravel boards are set below fence panels as ground level wood is prone to rotting. It’s cheaper to replace a gravel board than a panel.
  • A gravel board keeps fence panels away from the 'splash zone', also known as the 'wetting area' when raining.
  • There should be no fixings attached to a wooden post within 150 millimetres or 6 inches of ground level. Moisture will be transmitted via the fixing to the untreated timber
  • Its ok to sink a concrete gravel board into the ground if the surface is uneven but a wooden gravel board should be fixed above ground level so there is airflow around the board or it will rot quite quickly.
fence concrete gravel board

How do you fit concrete gravel boards?

  • For a concrete slotted post the concrete gravel board should be seated onto the concrete surrounding the post. If the gravel board is just placed onto bare soil between the slotted posts it is a likely to become unlevelled in the future due to ground movement. Even the posts will move slightly but surface settlement is much more likely.
  • Some concrete posts use coach bolts to fix the gravel boards to the post. The best coach bolts to use are galvanised rather than zinc plated as they retain a better long term look & integrity. A Stainless Steel coach bolt will last longer still and is best used close to coastal areas. 
fence gravel board

How do you fix wooden gravel boards?

  • Avoid drilling into the first 150mm above ground into the wooden post for fixing gravel boards. This is the wetting area of the post and is also the most prone area of the post for rotting.
  • Fixing a timber gravel board is best done by using a noggin of pressure treated timber which has been dried out and retreated several times. The timber dimensions are best to be 100 millimetres wide by 45 millimetres by 300 millimetres. This section is then screwed to the wooden post or bolted to concrete posts with the noggin meeting slightly above ground level. The fixings should above the 150 millimetres / 6 inches mark on the noggin.
tins of wood preservative

How do I make my fence last longer?

Why paint a fence?

  • Pressure treatment preservatives used to protect the wooden components of a fence are nearly always organic. The real nasty properties used to protect timber have been removed as they were deemed environmentally unfriendly. This is why there is a need to put a good quality protection layer on partically the posts to reduce water penetration. 
  • Fence posts would benefit if they were treated with a good water sealer to reduce water saturation. The key area to apply the sealer on a wooden post is between 100 millimetres above ground level, down to 150 millimetres below ground level. If the ground conditions are regularly saturated then the sealant will increase the longevity of the post.
  • Soden ground conditions  increase the need for wooden posts to be fully treated below ground & wise to use concrete posts.
  • Painting your fence with a good quality preservative is best undertaken before building the fence to ensure full coverage of the timber. Most importantly, the posts and rails should be done before assembling as this is the only time these components can possibly be painted ensuring full coverage.
  • Painting advice  is   the fence should be painted within 6 months of completion to help seal in the preservatives into the wood. But, it is advised to paint a fence before & after building, so all of the timber is fully coated which includes broken wood gain nail points. The most prone areas for rotting are the areas that struggle dry out where the boards touch the rails, and the wooden post which is highest prone to rotting between 100mm above ground and 150mm below ground. Painting the rails is highly recommended before the Paling Boards are nailed to the rails.
  • The best preservatives to use which protect the wooden fence components have pest control properties, rot control properties and UV (ultra violet) protection. The preservative paint should be acrylic base. Preservative paints or stains should allow the wood to breath.
wooden fence

Do I need to paint my fence?

  • Painting a wooden fence helps to seal the wood, retain the preservative in the wood and reduces the weathering of the timber.
  • A timber fence should be painted within 6 months of erection to seal in as much of the wood preservative as possible.
  • For the best result all the fence materials should be painted prior to construction with a suitable fence paint which allows the wood to breath.
  • If a fence is left unpainted the organic wood preservative will wash through from the boards and rails within 2 years.

Does painting a fence make it last longer?

  • Yes, painting a fence will make it last longer but the paint needs to allow the timber to breath

When should I paint my fence?

  • The best time of year to paint a fence is when the temperature is cool but not cold so between 10-20 Celsius is the preferred temperature so it dries but not too quickly.

How long after it rains can I paint my fence?

  • The fence is best painted when dry. Be quite generous with the paint application as the timber will absorb the fence paint.

How do I prepare a fence for painting?

  • Preparing the painting area involves assessing what areas may be difficult to paint and risk of accidentally painting areas you do not wish to paint.
  • Clean off any organic growth with a hard brissled brush

How do I paint a fence?

  • If an existing fence needs painting, it can be either hand painted, or pressure sprayed.

Can I Paint my Neighbours Fence?

  • If the neighbour owns the fence there is a need to ask the neighbour.
  • Your neighbour is perfectly within his or her right to tell you that they do not want you to paint their fence, even if you believe it needs it. It could be classed as criminal damage if you undertake work on it without permission.
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